We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. [16], The destruction of the Grande Arme in Russia in 1812 finally provided Prussian reformers with an opportunity to create the long-sought peoples army. [60] By December 1943, the German Army was forced into continuous retreat. [46] By 06:30, they had passed Cherbourg, at which point they were joined by a flotilla of torpedo boats. Admiral Burnett, commanding the three cruisers Norfolk, Belfast, and Sheffield escorting Convoy JW 55B, placed his ships between the convoy and Scharnhorst's expected direction of attack. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. German aircraft arrived later to jam British radar with chaff. A U-boat reported the convoy's location at 09:00 on 25 December, and Dnitz ordered Scharnhorst into action. In 1808, the commission announced sweeping measures, including: appointments based on meritocracy and a phasing-out of the nobilitys privileged access over the officer corps; a new emphasis on education and training; and abandonment of the most severe corporal punishments. Tagged: Scharnhorst, Clausewitz, Translation, Introducing #Scharnhorst: The Vision of an Enlightened Soldier On Experience and Theory, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier., General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff., Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of On War, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff,, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier,. [39] One of the 227kg bombs hit the deck just forward of the starboard 15cm twin turret next to the conning tower. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. ). Scharnhorst believed that carefully selected and superbly prepared staff officers, especially when the Prussian Army lacked a leader to rival Napoleons operational genius and charisma, could provide invaluable advice to their commanders, keep them from committing grave mistakes, and enhance the conduct of armies on the battlefield. You have chosen this person to be their own family member. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. Please enter a valid Memorial ID. In 1808, Prince August became the head of the Prussian artillery and together with Scharnhorst worked on reorganizing and modernizing the branch. Friedrich G Sauer from Lansing, MI. GREAT NEWS! Malaya turned on the two battleships and closed to 24,000m (26,000yd), well within the range of the Germans' guns, but Ltjens refused to be drawn into an engagement. Please reset your password. Two of the three turbines were jammed, and the third had to be turned off. 1 (2018): 33-44. The Royal Navy joined in the attacks on the ship by sending the battleship Rodney and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal. [36], After repairs were completed in July, Scharnhorst went to La Pallice for trials on the 21st, where she easily steamed at 30 knots (56km/h; 35mph). The ice had been cleared by noon, permitting Scharnhorst's entrance to Wilhelmshaven. On the contrary, the Prussian military reformers worked to institutionalize the general staff and establish it as a dynamic and assertive entity. The number of 2cm guns was eventually increased to thirty-eight. I hope that any of you who are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, will command your ship as gallantly as the Scharnhorst was commanded today. Armenischer Kalender. The forward and rear gun turrets were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery. [17] Henry Kissinger, A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, 1812-1822 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973), 49. Try again. The torpedoes slowed Scharnhorst to 12 knots (22km/h; 14mph), which allowed Duke of York to close to 9,100m (10,000yd). In these complicated times, Elena emerges as a strong new heroine who learns quickly that when nothing is certain, she can rely only on herself. Almost nothing of his extensive literary estate is translated into English, however. Gerhard had 4 siblings: Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and 3 other siblings. People Projects Discussions Surnames Friedrich Scharnhorst (1734 - 1803) How do we create a person's profile? A pair of U-boats sank a total of 28,488 tons of shipping on the night of 89 March. Her secondary armament consisted of twelve 15cm (5.9in) L/55 guns, eight of which were placed in two-gun turrets and the remaining four were carried in individual turrets. Catharina was born circa 1744. Christian was born in 1808, in Hannover, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Deutschland. In early 1813, with Napoleons return to Central Europe and the Tsars troops in hot pursuit, Prussia faced a perilous choice. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. He received a wound in the foot in the Battle of Grossgrschen on May 2, 1813, not serious enough to stop him from traveling on a diplomatic mission. The convoy was spotted again two days later, and it was determined that the course was definitively toward the Soviet Union. Hannahwas born in February 1840, in Germany. Try again later. Friedrich Georg Sauer (born 1978) is listed at 518 N Magnolia Ave Lansing, Mi 48912 and has no known political party affiliation. Friedrich Hugo Scharnhorst . At the end, you will find the essay On Experience and Theory written in 1804. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. In addition to Clausewitz, the group also included August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Hermann von Boyen, Karl von Grolman, Karl von Tiedemann, and Prince August.[13]. With a clear aspiration of becoming an officer, in 1773, at age 17, Scharnhorst entered the school located in Fortress Wilhlemstein.[3]. General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff. Canadian Defense Forces Publication. Scharnhorst detected the cruisers with her aft radar and opened fire with her main battery guns before turning away to disengage a second time. Follow the logo below, and you too can contribute toThe Bridge: Enjoy what you just read? The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. In early 1943, Scharnhorst joined the Bismarck-class battleship Tirpitz in Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. Scharnhorst and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack a convoy but British naval patrols intercepted the German force. Gneisenau's Seetakt radar picked up a radar contact at 04:30, which prompted the crews of both vessels to go to combat stations. By 3 February, the two battleships had evaded the last British cruiser patrol, and had broken into the open Atlantic. In 1783, when a new artillery school was established in Hanover, Scharnhorst was appointed an instructor there. Friedrich Wilhelm also failed to embrace Scharnhorsts bold ideas for military reform. It caused significant damage to the ship's propulsion system and slowed the ship to 8 knots (15km/h; 9.2mph). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989. Admiral Hipper and the destroyers were sent to destroy Orama, a 19,500 long tons (19,800t) passenger ship, while Atlantis, a hospital ship, was allowed to proceed unmolested. Unlike his more famous student Clausewitz, he preferred composing short essays and often sought to publish them quickly as a way to engage in ongoing debates. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. Scharnhorst returned to Germany, and was repaired at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? After locating a large submerged object, the research team then used the Royal Norwegian Navy's underwater recovery vessel HNoMSTyr to examine the object visually. This quest for raising the bar might not produce a once-in-a-lifetime military genius with predictable regularity, but Scharnhorst believed it would inevitably lead to a qualitative change and institutionalize excellence. [21] The purpose of the sortie was to interrupt Allied efforts to resupply the Norwegians and to relieve the pressure on German troops fighting in Norway. [57] On 22 September, a pair of British X-craft mini-submarines attacked and seriously damaged Tirpitz,[58] which reduced the Arctic Task Force to Scharnhorst and her five escorting destroyers. An officer with extraordinary talents and intellect, and an even more remarkable fate, Scharnhorst forever changed the path of the Prussian Army, molded the idea of the Prusso-German General Staff, and forged some of the most influential concepts in the realm of military theory and practice. A Discussion of the Main Reasons for the French Successes in the Revolutionary Wars and Especially in the Campaign of 1794, perhaps his most famous and consequential treatise from 1797, is merely forty pages long, for example. The underwater survey vessel Sverdrup II, operated by the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, was used to scan the sea floor. and trans. After Count Wilhelm died in 1777 and his military academy was disbanded, Scharnhorst returned to the Electorate of Hanover and applied for a position in his home army. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Scharnhorst harbored a deep conviction that education and knowledge could empower officers and help them navigate a complex field. A severe storm off Bergen forced the destroyers to seek shelter but Scharnhorst was able to continue on at the reduced speed of 17 knots (31km/h; 20mph). Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. Heavy seas and the high speed with which the pair of battleships escaped caused them to ship large amounts of water forward. 866-428-0005. Email addresses. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. While furthering his own education, "learning by teaching" is Michael Schoy's phrase, he gained a reputation as a pioneering military educator. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were the covering force for the assaults on Narvik and Trondheim; the two ships left Wilhelmshaven on the morning of 7 April. On the contrary, a badly prepared oneespecially a badly prepared staff officerwas an insecure actor relying on his limited experience alone. [1] Charles Edward White, The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militarische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805 (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989). Failed to delete memorial. Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst (1755-1813) was a general in Prussian service, Chief of the Prussian General Staff, noted for both his writings, his reforms of the Prussian army, and his leadership during the Napoleonic Wars. In early January 1943, the ship was back in service, and after trials, left Germany on 7 January in company with Prinz Eugen and five destroyers. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. At 16:50, Duke of York opened fire at a range of 11,000m (12,000yd); Scharnhorst quickly returned the fire. She was powered by three Brown, Boveri & Cie geared steam turbines, which developed a total of 159,551shp; 118,977kW and yielded a maximum speed of 31.5 knots (58.3km/h; 36.2mph) on speed trials. Friedrich Scharnhorst 27 December 1902-7 April 1991 (Age 88) Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany The Life Summary of Friedrich Friedrich Scharnhorst was born on 27 December 1902. Increased to thirty-eight extensive literary estate is translated into English, however what you just read own family.... Of water forward from Norway to attack a convoy but British naval patrols intercepted German... 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